Facebook ukida fact-checkere. Ministarstvo kulture: Velik izazov za demokraciju

11 siječnja, 2025 maxportal
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Ministarstvo kulture i medija i Agencija za elektroničke medije (AEM) ocijenili su najavu direktora Mete Marka Zuckerberga o ukidanju fact-checkera na Facebooku i Instagramu u SAD-u kao “potez koji ne vodi računa o društvenom interesu” i mogući “veliki izazov za demokratsko društvo”.

U svjetlu Zuckerbergove najave reagirale su i hrvatske novinarske strukovne udruge – Hrvatsko novinarsko društvo (HND) i Sindikat novinara Hrvatske (SNH) koje su u dopisu premijeru Andreju Plenkoviću i nadležnim institucijama zatražili da ubrzaju “implementaciju Akta o digitalnim uslugama (DSA) i poduzmu sve potrebne korake kako bi zaštitili javni interes, integritet medijskog prostora i prava korisnika”

U Ministarstvu kulture i medija i AEM-u, nositeljima hrvatskog projekta platforme fact-checkera Točno tako koja objedinjava 21 provjeravatelja točnosti informacija, naglašavaju kako društvene mreže nisu mediji te ih se ni na koji način ne smije doživljavati kao takve.

Iz Ministarstva poručuju i da je važno istaknuti da Zuckerbergova objava ne znači propast fact-checkinga ocijenivši ga iznimno važnim jer građanima nudi izbor i mogućnost provjere informacija.

Obje institucije u odgovorima Hini naglašavaju da i sama Zuckenbergova najava ukidanja fact-checkera na društvenim mrežama predstavlja potencijalnu veliku opasnost za demokratska društva zbog mogućeg ukidanja ograničenja mnogih oblika govora koje je Meta dosada smatrala štetnima.

U AEM-u pojašnjavaju da se Zuckenbergova najava odnosi zasada samo na SAD te je prvenstveno treba gledati kao reakciju na političke događaje i odnose u SAD-u, ali i na to da je to poslovni potez koji ne vodi računa o društvenom interesu.

“Međutim, posljedice te Metine odluke mogle bi biti veliki izazov za demokratsko društvo. A od samog ukidanja programa provjere činjenica još bi veću štetu za društvo moglo prouzročiti ukidanje ograničenja mnogih oblika govora koje je Meta dosada smatrala štetnima te bi to moglo posljedično otvoriti vrata uznemiravanju, maltretiranju i drugom štetnom govoru na Metinim platformama. Iščitavajući ton Zuckerbergovog obraćanja, možemo pretpostaviti da bi se nešto slično moglo dogoditi i u Europskoj uniji”, ističu u AEM-u.

EU zasad nespremna jedinstveno odgovoriti

Hrvatski medijski regulator ističe i da Europska skupina regulatora za audiovizualne medijske usluge (ERGA) zasigurno neće reagirati na ovotjednu Zuckenbergovu najavu jer za to područje nije u potpunosti ni nadležna.

“Pretpostavljamo da bi Europska komisija, koja izravno regulira Facebook i Instagram, mogla reagirati tek kada shvati kakve su Metine namjere u poštivanju obveza iz Akta o digitalnim uslugama (DSA). Za očekivati je da će svako eventualno kršenje DSA od bilo koje platforme biti i odgovarajuće sankcionirano”, poručuju iz AEM-a.

No, potvrđuju i da je EU zasad nespremna jedinstveno odgovoriti na izazove koji se kriju u Zuckerbergovoj najavi, uključivši i one vezane uz širenje dezinformacija, jer se u EU još uvijek pregovora oko transformacije koregulativnog akta “Code of Practice on Disinformation” u “Code of Conduct”, koji bi platforme trebale provoditi u okviru Akta o digitalnim uslugama.

S druge strane, pak, problemi u primjeni Akta o digitalnim uslugama vežu se i uz nacionalna zakonodavstva članica EU jer, primjerice, Zakon o provedbi Akta o digitalnim uslugama još nije ni usvojen u Hrvatskom saboru.

Kašnjenje u implementaciji Akta o digitalnim uslugama

Tek nakon usvajanja tog zakona, HAKOM koji je je već imenovan nacionalnim koordinatorom za digitalne usluge i nadležan je za provedbu Akta o digitalnim uslugama, treba donijeti svoje pravilnike kako bi “agregirao” rad nadležnih institucija koje izdaju naloge za djelovanje protiv nezakonitog sadržaja na internetu – uključivši širenje dezinformacija, govor mržnje i štetan sadržaj za djecu i maloljetnike.

Upravo kašnjenje u implementaciji Akta o digitalnim uslugama, kako saznaje Hina, predmet je i dopisa koji su, zbog Zuckerbergove najave, strukovne novinarske organizacije – Hrvatsko novinarsko društvo (HND) i Sindikat novinara Hrvatske (SNH), poslali premijeru Andreju Plenkoviću i nadležnim institucijama.

U dopisu se, između ostaloga, zahtijevaju odgovori u kojoj fazi je trenutno implementacija DSA u Hrvatskoj, kada se očekuje usvajanje Zakona o provedbi DSA , kako će se osigurati da HAKOM ima tehničke, financijske i ljudske resurse potrebne za učinkovito izvršavanje svojih zadaća te koje mjere vlada planira poduzeti za sprječavanje širenja dezinformacija na digitalnim platformama i zaštitu integriteta informacijske sfere u Hrvatskoj.

“U ovom trenutku, kada globalne platforme poput Mete mijenjaju pristup moderiranju sadržaja, pozivamo Vladu RH i nadležna tijela da ubrzaju implementaciju DSA i poduzmu sve potrebne korake kako bi zaštitili javni interes, integritet medijskog prostora i prava korisnika te vas pozivamo da ubrzate usklađivanje s europskim vrijednostima i vladavinom te da donesete konkretne mjere i izmijenite zakonodavstvu u skladu s prihvaćenim Europskim zakonom o slobodi medija i Anti SLAPP direktivom”, zaključuje se u dopisu.

Miroslav Edvin Habek/


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